Long-term survival of adult Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in the Kuparuk River, Alaska

نویسندگان

  • Karen M. Buzby
  • Linda A. Deegan
چکیده

In many long-lived species such as Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus), population growth rate is most sensitive to changes in adult survival probabilities. Understanding the factors that regulate adult survival in this species should provide insight into the population dynamics of this and other long-lived Arctic species. Using the program MARK, we analyzed 17 years of mark–recapture data to estimate survival rates for Arctic grayling in the Kuparuk River, Alaska, from 1985 to 2000. Mean annual survival rates overall ranged from 0.39 to 1.0 and averaged 0.71 ± 0.05 for resident and 0.75 ± 0.05 for nonresident fish. Spending the summer in the more productive fertilized zone of the experimental reach had no influence on survival despite higher productivity on all trophic levels and consistently higher growth rates in Arctic grayling. None of the environmental (stream temperature, discharge, winter severity, and incidence of drought) or population parameters (growth, condition factor, and mean fish size) that we examined explained significant amounts of variance in survival rates. The lack of responsiveness of survival to annual environmental conditions was unexpected and suggests that multiyear factors or life history tactics that maintain survival at the expense of growth and fecundity likely determine survival. Résumé : Chez plusieurs espèces à forte longévité, telles que l’ombre arctique (Thymalus arcticus), le taux de croissance de la population est particulièrement sensible aux changements de probabilité de survie des adultes. La compréhension des facteurs qui contrôlent la survie des adultes chez cette espèce devrait fournir des perspectives sur la dynamique de population de cette espèce et d’autres espèces arctiques qui vivent longtemps. À l’aide du logiciel MARK, nous avons analysé des données de marquage-recapture étalées sur 17 années afin d’estimer les taux de survie des ombres arctiques de la rivière Kurapuk de 1985 à 2000. Les taux moyens annuels de survie varient dans l’ensemble de 0,39 à 1,0; ils sont en moyenne de 0,71 ± 0,05 pour les poissons résidants et de 0,75 ± 0,05 pour les non résidants. Le passage de l’été dans la section enrichie et plus productive de la zone expérimentale n’influence pas la survie, malgré une productivité accrue de tous les niveaux trophiques et des taux de croissance uniformément plus élevés chez l’ombre arctique. Aucune des variables examinées de l’environnement (température du cours d’eau, débit, rigueur de l’hiver, présence de sécheresses) ou de la population (croissance, coefficient de condition, taille moyenne des poissons) n’explique de partie significative de la variance des taux de survie. Ce manque de réaction de la survie aux conditions annuelles du milieu est inattendu et il laisse croire que la survie est déterminée par des variables ou des tactiques démographiques qui agissent sur plusieurs années pour maintenir la survie aux dépens de la croissance et de

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تاریخ انتشار 2004